What does par in French mean?

What is the meaning of the word par in French? The article explains the full meaning, pronunciation along with bilingual examples and instructions on how to use par in French.

The word par in French means by, through, through, out of, by, by, through, by, according to, out of, for, per, by, far too, really too, much too, in the name of, through, par, starting with, judging by, to be taken orally, hysterical, hysterically funny, knockout, approach a problem short-sightedly, look at a problem from too narrow a perspective, breech birth, breech delivery, give birth to a breech baby, flown in, brought by air, brought by plane, act with your own interests at heart, act out of self-interest, learn by heart, learn off by heart, brute-force attack, drawn to, grab by the scruff of the neck, grab by the scruff of the neck, on a case-by-case basis, one by one, on an ad hoc basis, on a case by case basis, windswept, earnings per share, cleared, exonerated, panned by the critics, be conspicuous by your absence, be remarkably intelligent, scorched, burn the candle at both ends, that was just what was needed, I sure needed that, Well I never!, be characterized by, case by case, case-by-case treatment, sheltered workshop, charity begins at home, geothermal heating, fight fire with fire, fight fire with fire, as if by magic, Would you believe! Surprise, surprise!, as if by magic, miraculously, miraculously, begin with, start with, first do , firstly do, begin at the beginning, confirmed by a bailiff, correspondence course, cousin by marriage, upside down, by chance, in the past, in view of, in 's name, in the name of, throughout the world, around the world, by its nature, by its very nature, hereby declare, overtaken by reality, served by, computer-aided design, two by two, be distinguished by, divide by, uncontested divorce, divorce by mutual consent, have had it up to here, have had it up to here with, in rows of two, by way of, by way of, stand there flabbergasted, stand there dumbfounded, stand there astounded, break in, make a grand entrance, come in through the back door, send to the bottom, go through with a fine-tooth comb, have had a hard life, have had a difficult life, be cleared by a court of law, be insured, be insured, be overtaken by events, be overwhelmed by events, be sent into the depths, be struck down by illness, be appointed by decree, be caught up by past events, be caught up by your past, be together in thought, be together in spirit, be ravaged by disease, be ravaged by illness, be registered with a doctor, be bound by confidentiality, make appear by magic, clear everything out, wipe out, vacuum, have an ulterior motive for doing, make a choice by default, for lack of means, end up doing , wind up doing, throw on the ground, struck by lightning, overcome by doubt, win by default, blessed by nature, be necessary to go that far, have to go that far, image of under , image of through, immolation, burning. To learn more, please see the details below.

Listen to pronunciation

Meaning of the word par

by

préposition (indique le moyen, la manière)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
Il est venu par le train.
He came by train.

through

préposition (indique un lieu de passage, via)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
Nous passerons par Tours pour aller à Nantes.
We passed through Tours on the way to Nantes.

through, out of

préposition (à travers) (UK: looking)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
J'ai regardé par la fenêtre pour voir si mes invités arrivaient. L'oiseau avait réussi à rentrer par la cheminée.
The bird managed to get in via the chimney.

by

préposition (indique la position)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
Nous nous tenons par le bras.
We hold each other by the arm.

by

préposition (indique l'acteur d'une phrase passive)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
La souris a été attrapée par ce chat. Le convoi a été arrêté par la neige.
The mouse was caught by that cat. The convoy was stopped by the snow.

through, by, according to, out of

préposition (indique le mobile d'une action)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
Il a toujours agi par intérêt.
He has always acted out of self-interest.

for

préposition (indique la cause)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
Elle n'a pas fait ça pour l'argent mais par plaisir.
She didn't do it for the money, but for pleasure.

per

préposition (chaque, pour chaque)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
Le repas devrait coûter environ 30 € par personne. Je fais du sport deux fois par semaine.
I exercise twice a week.

by

préposition (indique une invocation)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
Par Jupiter ! Disaient les Romains.
By Jupiter! said the Romans.

far too, really too, much too

adverbe (soutenu (pour renforcer une expression)

(adverb: Describes a verb, adjective, adverb, or clause--for example, "come quickly," "very rare," "happening now," "fall down.")
C'est par trop fort.
It's much too strong.

in the name of

(au nom de [qqn])

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
De par le Roi, nous vous arrêtons.
We are arresting you in the name of the King.

through

(du fait de)

(preposition: Relates noun or pronoun to another element of sentence--for example, "a picture of John," "She walked from my house to yours.")
De par ma position dans l'entreprise, je sais tout ce qu'il s'y passe.
Through my position in the company, I know everything that happens.

par

nom masculin (Golf : nombre de coups pour un trou) (Golf)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)
Ce trou est en par 4.
This hole is a par 4.

starting with

(tel que)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

judging by

(selon, d'après)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

to be taken orally

locution adverbiale (à avaler)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Ce médicament est à prendre par voie orale.

hysterical, hysterically funny

locution adjectivale (figuré, familier (très drôle) (informal)

(adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house.")
Ce quiproquo est à se rouler par terre.

knockout

locution adjectivale (familier (très drôle)

(noun as adjective: Describes another noun--for example, "boat race," "dogfood.")

approach a problem short-sightedly, look at a problem from too narrow a perspective

locution verbale (négliger la vue d'ensemble)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Afin de parvenir à une solution rapide, le directeur aborda le problème par le petit bout de la lorgnette causant colère et incompréhension dans tout le service.

breech birth, breech delivery

nom masculin (bébé naissant par les fesses)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)

give birth to a breech baby

locution verbale (donner naissance les fesses en premier)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

flown in, brought by air, brought by plane

locution adjectivale (convoyé par voie aérienne)

(adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house.")

act with your own interests at heart, act out of self-interest

locution verbale (chercher un avantage personnel)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
En faisant une offre de reprise, cette entreprise ne s'intéresse pas au sort des ouvriers, elle n'agit que par intérêt.

learn by heart, learn off by heart

locution verbale (retenir parfaitement)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Il apprit par cœur ce chapitre.

brute-force attack

nom féminin (test de combinaisons)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)

drawn to

(intéressé par [qch]) (figurative)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
D'aussi loin que je me souvienne, Olivier a toujours été attiré par les sciences.
Since as far back as I can remember, Oliver has always been drawn to science.

grab by the scruff of the neck

locution verbale (familier (attraper sévèrement)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

grab by the scruff of the neck

locution verbale (saisir [qqn] brutalement)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

on a case-by-case basis

locution adverbiale (de façon individualisée)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Les réponses seront adaptées au cas par cas.

one by one, on an ad hoc basis, on a case by case basis

locution adverbiale (de façon ponctuelle)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

windswept

adjectif (soumis aux intempéries)

(adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house.")

earnings per share

nom masculin (profit boursier) (finance)

(plural noun: Noun always used in plural form--for example, "jeans," "scissors.")

cleared, exonerated

locution adjectivale (innocenté)

(adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house.")

panned by the critics

locution adjectivale (méprisé, rejeté)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

be conspicuous by your absence

locution verbale (figuré (être d'absence remarquée)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be remarkably intelligent

locution verbale (figuré (exceller)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

scorched

locution adjectivale (grillé par le soleil) (by the sun)

(adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house.")
Voilà plusieurs mois qu'il ne pleut pas, la campagne est brûlée par le soleil.

burn the candle at both ends

locution verbale (figuré (dépenser sans compter) (figurative)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

that was just what was needed, I sure needed that

(familier (manger : expression de contentement) (colloquial)

Well I never!

interjection (quelle surprise !)

(interjection: Exclamation--for example, "Oh no!" "Wow!")
Vous retrouver ici, ça par exemple !

be characterized by

(se distinguer)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Sa cuisine se caractérise par son utilisation des épices.
Her cooking is characterized her use of spices.

case by case

locution adverbiale (de façon différenciée)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Nous étudierons ces demandes cas par cas.
We will consider these claims on a case-by-case basis.

case-by-case treatment

nom masculin (traitement individualisé)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)
Nous n'avons pas le temps de faire du cas par cas.

sheltered workshop

nom masculin (structure médico-sociale publique)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)
Les centres d'aide par le travail fournissent du travail aux handicapés moteurs.

charity begins at home

(voyons d'abord nos propres intérêts)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

geothermal heating

nom masculin (chauffage par eau du sol)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)

fight fire with fire

locution verbale (figuré (utiliser les mêmes armes) (figurative)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

fight fire with fire

locution verbale (utiliser les mêmes armes)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

as if by magic

locution adverbiale (de façon inespérée)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
L'orage s'est arrêté soudain, comme par enchantement.

Would you believe! Surprise, surprise!

locution adverbiale (ironie : sûrement pas par hasard)

as if by magic

(ironique (on ne sait pas comment)

Et comme par magie, on aurait les fonds dans les temps ?

miraculously

locution adverbiale (de façon inespérée)

(adverb: Describes a verb, adjective, adverb, or clause--for example, "come quickly," "very rare," "happening now," "fall down.")

miraculously

locution adverbiale (ironique (de façon non crédible) (ironic)

(adverb: Describes a verb, adjective, adverb, or clause--for example, "come quickly," "very rare," "happening now," "fall down.")

begin with, start with

verbe transitif indirect (faire [qch] en premier)

Par quoi allons-nous commencer aujourd'hui ?
What shall we begin with today?

first do , firstly do

locution verbale (faire [qch] en premier)

Si l'outil ne fonctionne pas, commencez par vérifier que tous les câbles sont bien branchés.
If the tool is not working, firstly (or: first) check that all the cables are plugged in.

begin at the beginning

locution verbale (expliquer depuis le début)

confirmed by a bailiff

adjectif (certifié par un huissier)

(adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house.")

correspondence course

nom masculin (cours suivis à distance)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)
Comme mon frère a une jambe dans le plâtre, il prend des cours par correspondance.

cousin by marriage

(époux d'un cousin)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)
Jean épousa Lucie et devint mon cousin par alliance.

upside down

locution adverbiale (familier (à l'envers)

(adverb: Describes a verb, adjective, adverb, or clause--for example, "come quickly," "very rare," "happening now," "fall down.")
Le bateau a chaviré, cul par-dessus tête.

by chance

locution adverbiale (par hasard)

(adverb: Describes a verb, adjective, adverb, or clause--for example, "come quickly," "very rare," "happening now," "fall down.")

in the past

locution adverbiale (autrefois)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

in view of

(en raison de)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
De par la renommée de cet artiste, l'exposition devrait être un succès.
Judging by this artist's reputation, the exhibition should be a success.

in 's name, in the name of

(vieilli (au nom de [qqn])

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
De par le Roi, nous vous arrêtons.
In the name of the King, we arrest you.

throughout the world, around the world

locution adverbiale (dans le monde)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Le commandant Cousteau a navigué de par le monde pendant des années.

by its nature, by its very nature

locution adverbiale (intrinsèquement)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

hereby declare

(certifie par écrit que) (formal)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Je soussigné, M. Martin, déclare par la présente renoncer à mon droit à succession.

overtaken by reality

locution adjectivale (inférieur à la réalité)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

served by

(pourvu en transport)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Certaines campagnes sont mal desservies par les transports en commun.
Some rural areas have a poor public transport service.

computer-aided design

nom masculin (dessin fait par ordinateur)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)
L'industrie aéronautique utilise beaucoup les dessins assistés par ordinateur.

two by two

locution adverbiale (groupés par deux)

be distinguished by

(être reconnaissable)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Un gentleman se distingue par ses manières impeccables.
You can tell a gentleman by his impeccable manners.

divide by

(Maths : répartir [qch] en parts égales) (Mathematics)

Si je divise 8 par 4, j'obtiens 2.
If I divide eight by four, I get 2.

uncontested divorce, divorce by mutual consent

nom masculin (séparation par accord réciproque)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)
Pierre et Marie ont décidé d'un divorce par consentement mutuel.

have had it up to here, have had it up to here with

locution verbale (figuré (être fatigué, excédé de [qch])

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Marc en a par-dessus la tête des caprices de sa fille.
Mark has had it up to here with his daughter's hissy fits.

in rows of two

locution adverbiale (en rang par paires)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Le professeur a demandé à ses élèves de se mettre en colonne par deux.

by way of

(en traversant : un lieu)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Nous sommes allés à Édimbourg en passant par Sheffield. En passant par le bureau du patron, j'ai vu qu'il avait une visiteuse.
Passing by the boss's office, I noticed he had a visitor.

by way of

(ainsi que)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Mon frère est incollable en musique et peut te parler de tout ; de la musique classique au hard rock en passant par le tango.
You can't catch my brother out on music; he can tell you about everything: from classical to hard rock by way of the tango.

stand there flabbergasted, stand there dumbfounded, stand there astounded

locution verbale (familier (être stupéfait) (colloquial)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

break in

locution verbale (forcer un domicile)

(phrasal verb, intransitive: Verb with adverb(s) or preposition(s), having special meaning and not taking direct object--for example, "make up" [=reconcile]: "After they fought, they made up.")
Les voleurs entrèrent par effraction, Julien doit donc changer sa porte.

make a grand entrance

locution verbale (figuré (accéder à [qch] au su de tous)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

come in through the back door

locution verbale (familier (entrer discrètement)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

send to the bottom

locution verbale (couler un navire)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

go through with a fine-tooth comb

locution verbale (examiner en détail)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

have had a hard life, have had a difficult life

locution adjectivale (marqué par les épreuves)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be cleared by a court of law

locution verbale (être innocenté)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be insured

locution verbale (personne : avoir une asurance)

be insured

locution verbale (cas : être pris en charge)

be overtaken by events, be overwhelmed by events

locution verbale (ne plus savoir gérer une situation)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be sent into the depths

locution verbale (marine : être coulé) (boat, ship)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Ce croiseur a été envoyé par le fond par un sous-marin.

be struck down by illness

locution verbale (tomber malade)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be appointed by decree

locution verbale (nommé par un acte réglementaire) (official)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Les préfets sont nommés par décret.

be caught up by past events, be caught up by your past

locution verbale (voir son histoire ressurgir)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be together in thought, be together in spirit

locution verbale (se recueillir, faire mémoire)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be ravaged by disease, be ravaged by illness

locution verbale (familier (dépérir, être gravement malade)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be registered with a doctor

locution verbale (avoir un médecin traitant)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

be bound by confidentiality

locution verbale (ne rien pouvoir révéler)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

make appear by magic

locution verbale (figuré (sortir [qch] de nulle part)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

clear everything out

locution verbale (figuré (se débarrasser de tout)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Avant de déménager, nous avons fait du nettoyage par le vide.

wipe out

locution verbale (figuré (tuer) (informal)

(phrasal verb, transitive, separable: Verb with adverb(s) or preposition(s), having special meaning, divisible--for example, "call off" [=cancel], "call the game off," "call off the game.")
Quand ils sont tombés sur les rebelles, les soldats ont fait du nettoyage par le vide.
When they came across the rebels, the soldiers wiped them out.

vacuum

locution verbale (vieux (aspirer [qch])

(transitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat.")
Vous avez fait du nettoyage par le vide dans cette cuve ?

have an ulterior motive for doing

locution verbale (faire [qch] par intérêt personnel)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Il lui a rendu service par calcul !

make a choice by default

locution verbale (péjoratif (choisir la moins mauvaise option)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Pierre a fait un choix par défaut car aucune option ne lui plaisait.

for lack of means

locution adverbiale (manque de possibilités)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

end up doing , wind up doing

locution verbale (en arriver à [qch]) (informal)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Toutes tes jérémiades finissent par m'énerver. Comme ma mère insistait, j'ai fini par faire le ménage.
As my mother was going on about it, I did the housework in the end.

throw on the ground

locution verbale (familier (jeter au sol) (outside)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")

struck by lightning

locution adjectivale (foudroyé)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")
Cet arbre décharné a dû être frappé par la foudre.
ⓘCette phrase n'est pas une traduction de la phrase originale. The field was empty, except for an old, lightning-struck tree in its centre.

overcome by doubt

adjectif (troublé, hésitant)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

win by default

locution verbale (gagner par abandon ou par absence)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
Il a gagné son match par forfait car son adversaire s'est claqué un muscle.

blessed by nature

locution adjectivale (qui a un beau physique)

(expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own.")

be necessary to go that far, have to go that far

(c'est une étape nécessaire)

(verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end.")
J'ai un contentieux avec mon ancien propriétaire qui me réclame de l'argent. Je n'ai pas envie d'aller au procès, mais s'il faut en passer par là, je le ferai.
I'm involved in a dispute with my old landlord who wants money off me. I don't want to go to court, but, if it comes to that, I will.

image of under , image of through

nom féminin (maths: transformation par une fonction) (Mathematics)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)

immolation, burning

nom féminin (sacrifice par le feu)

(noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc.)

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Related words of par

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French (le français) is a Romance language. Like Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish, it comes from popular Latin, once used in the Roman Empire. A French-speaking person or country can be called a "Francophone". French is the official language in 29 countries. French is the fourth most spoken native language in the European Union. French ranks third in the EU, after English and German, and is the second most widely taught language after English. The majority of the world's French-speaking population lives in Africa, with about 141 million Africans from 34 countries and territories who can speak French as a first or second language. French is the second most widely spoken language in Canada, after English, and both are official languages at the federal level. It is the first language of 9.5 million people or 29% and the second language of 2.07 million people or 6% of the entire population of Canada. In contrast to other continents, French has no popularity in Asia. Currently, no country in Asia recognizes French as an official language.